But that was only part of the Nawab’s force. An even larger contingent of his army under Mir Jafar stretched east of the grove along the British right flank. If it was indeed Mir Jafar’s intention to betray Clive, he was in the perfect position to swiftly outflank and quite possibly destroy him.

Alan Michael Adye, Director, Marine Technology Directorate, Science Engineering Research Council. Patricia Audrey, Mrs. Ade, Area Secretary and Member of Council, North Wales, Soldiers’ Sailors’ and Airmen’s Families Association. Lieutenant Colonel Geoffrey Ernest Godbold T.D. Lieutenant Colonel Adrian Douglas Frais T.D.

British Empire Medal

Because of the dangerous nature of the game, Watts was not able to attain Mir Jafar’s signature until June 5, but once he did so the British sprang into action. After establishing the flimsy pretext that Siraj-ad-Daula had failed to abide by the terms of their previous treaty, Clive began his offensive on June 13. He marched from Chandernagore with nearly 3,000 men, including Coote’s 39th Foot, 2,000 sepoys, and 150 sailors loaned by Watson. The army dragged with it eight six-pounder cannons and two small howitzers. As usual, the Europeans traveled most of the way by boat while the sepoys trudged along the riverbank. There was a sense of urgency in the air.

Under that false assumption, he led his troops forward only to be surprised when the British six-pounders proved fully operational. The cannons delivered a withering fire, one shot striking Mir Madan in the thigh. Mortally wounded, his men carried him from the field, and the offensive quickly petered out.

To this effect, Clive ordered the restrengthening of Fort William and the formation of the native Lal Paltan, or Red Brigade, the scarlet-dressed mercenaries who formed the British Bengal army. His men exhausted, Clive decided to wait until the following day to assault the fort, even though Watson had already commenced his naval bombardment. The decision did not sit well with Major Eyre Coote, who led Aldercron’s marines and despised Clive as a “company soldier,” or with many of his men. That evening, a drunken Irishman by the name of Strahan foolhardily took matters into his own hands, charging Budge-Budge entirely on his own. Inspired by the display, many of Coote’s men rushed to join him, finding Strahan bloodied but miraculously still alive.

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Clive had ample reason to be concerned. Peering through a telescope from the roof of the hunting lodge where he spent his sleepless night, Clive saw amassed against him an army that greatly outnumbered his own. Factoring in those contingents led by Mir Jafar and Rai Durlabh, whose loyalties were as yet uncertain, the Nawab’s forces amounted to some 60,000 men. It came as a surprise because the rumors of mutiny had convinced Clive that many of Siraj-ud-Daula’s soldiers must have surely deserted.

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Supplemented by 500 native reinforcements from Bombay, Clive reached Chandernagore on March 8. It was not until March 13 that he initiated hostilities. Although he bombarded the 700-odd defenders, of whom 237 were French, he was unable to storm the fort itself until Watson’s fleet came into play, a necessity made challenging by the intentionally sunken obstacles in the Hugli meant to thwart a naval approach. Withering French fire from within the fort kept his men more than occupied in the meantime.

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Although the Nawab’s treasury was significantly less than what had been estimated, Clive still walked away with 180,000 pounds worth, which, along with his wages, made him at the age of only 32 one the wealthiest men in India. More important, the agreement with Mir Jafar awarded roughly three million rupees in compensation charles schwab vs e trade to Calcutta and also extremely favorable trading rights, including the exclusion of the French from Bengal. Mir Jafar followed Siraj-ud-Daula to Murshidabad but initially made no attempt to capture the fugitive ruler. It was only a few days later, after Siraj-ud-Daula had again fled, that Mir Jafar’s men intercepted him.

For the next nine days, Kilpatrick’s men looted the town before withdrawing on January 18. It took the intervention of Thomas Latham, a naval captain and friend of convert australian dollar to new zealand dollar Clive’s, to settle the dispute. Clive, as the leading authority on the scene, was granted Fort William but then turned it over to Watson, who represented the king.

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Initially, Clive did not intend to use the mango grove, which sat behind a mud bank, was 300 yards long, and stretched for about a mile. Instead, he massed his army with the grove to its back, placing the Europeans in the center and the sepoys on the wings. Between them on both sides he positioned three cannons while the rest, including the howitzers, remained to the rear on the left flank protected by brick kilns that sat 200 yards in front of the hunting lodge. On June 18, Clive sent Coote ahead to capture the village of Kutna and its large supply of rice. The defenders fled the fort without attempting to resist.

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A mere one hour following the council, Clive suddenly changed his mind. Why he did so remains unclear, though undoubtedly he came to the conclusion that the current situation was likely his only chance to achieve the lofty goals he had set for himself. It was a case of high risk, high reward. An illustration of a British sepoy in his East India Company uniform. When the Afghan crisis again passed, the Nawab switched back to hostility, ordering his general, Mir Jafar, to join his forces with that of Rai Durlabh, who had assembled at Plassey. At the same time, he began to actively petition for French support, a prospect now made much more likely.

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Nawab of Bengal Siraj-ud-Daula arrived at the battle in a howdah atop an elephant. Although technically a viceroy serving the Mogul emperor, the nawab ruled more like an independent king.Because of his recent treaty with Siraj-ud-Daula, Clive required his permission to move against Chandernagore. He sent the recently released Watts along with Ominchand, who was specifically requested by the Nawab, to negotiate for it.

To preserve their powder, the British covered their cannons and ammunition with tarpaulins, a precaution not taken by the Nawab’s men. As a result, the Nawab’s powder was soaked, and his cannons fell silent. But rather than prompt a British attack, it had the exact opposite effect, convincing Mir Madan that if his cannons were useless so too must be the enemy’s guns.